As domestic violence skyrockets amid COVID-19, women’s health experts are calling for compulsory training of obstetric health practitioners to ensure they can recognise the signs of coercive control for women in their care.
The recommendation follows new research by the University of South Australia and the University Melbourne that identifies the vital role that health professionals play in a woman’s decision to stay or leave an abusive relationship.
Exploring women’s experiences of coercive control during pregnancy, birth and post-delivery, the study showed that obstetric health practitioners – doctors, midwives, nurses, and social workers – were in a unique position to offer empathy, support, and information.
UniSA researcher, Dr Fiona Buchanan, says a greater understanding of coercive control and domestic violence is essential for health practitioners working in paediatrics and obstetrics. “Coercive control is a form of psychological entrapment, achieved through behaviour that victimises women through acts, words and gestures designed to isolate, frighten and demean them,†Dr Buchanan says.
Violence Has a profound and long-term affect on women’s health and wellbeing and on familiesÂ
Violence against women takes a profound and long-term toll on women’s health and wellbeing, on families and communities, and on society as a whole. Disturbingly, women with children are three times more likely to experience domestic violence than women without children and, perhaps worse, is that the frequency and severity of domestic violence is twice as high for women during pregnancy.
“In this study, women said that they felt less isolated and distressed when others acknowledged it was happening – almost as if sharing the burden helped validate their worth and affirm their feelings.
“When concerned health practitioners empathised with their patients and provided information and support, this helped relieve some of this distress.
“This support was singularly important to women’s perceptions of themselves and precipitated their decision to leave abusive partners.â€
In Australia, 25 per cent of women have experienced emotional abuse from a current or previous partner. Disturbingly, one woman is killed every nine days as a result of domestic abuse. Alarmingly, in the 2017-2019 NSW Domestic Violence Death Review Report, 99 per cent of domestic violence-related homicides were characterised by coercive control, highlighting the immense dangers surrounding this form of psychological abuse.
Co-researcher Professor Cathy Humphreys from the University of Melbourne says health professionals hold a position of trust that enables them to offer first-line support. She says that there are key behaviours that are indicative of psychological abuse and control.
“During pregnancy, instances of overbearing behaviours or alternatively a lack of interest in antenatal care may indicate that a partner is using coercive control tactics,†Professor Humphreys says. “Signs of abuse could be limiting a woman’s contact with doctors; refusing to come to scans and appointments; and even making a scene when a visit is running late. “Similarly, a lack of support or self-focus by partners is also worrisome, with some women saying that their partners blamed them for having too long a labour. This damaging behaviour also extends across motherhood, where partners may isolate women from family and friends, as well as criticize them on their mothering abilities. “All these acts exemplify ways that partners shame and demean women, and all are important warning signals for health practitioners to look out for.â€
Professor Humphries says that health practitioners’ responses either helped women to identify their partners’ behaviours as abusive, or exacerbated women’s feelings of isolation and helplessness. “We must find ways to ensure that all obstetric health practitioners can identify coercive control, so that we can help women to act and protect themselves and their children from further abuse.”
“There’s no excuse for abuse and it’s everyone’s responsibility to prevent it.â€
- Domestic violence statistics:
- 1 in 6 women (1.5 million) and 1 in 9 men (992,000) have experienced physical or sexual abuse before the age of 15 years.
- Intimate partner violence causes more illness, disability, and deaths than any other risk factor for women aged 25–44.
- On average, one woman a week is murdered by her current or former partner.
- Globally, one in three women suffer physical or sexual violence from a partner, with the World Health Organization reporting increases of domestic violence during COVID-19.
References
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Family, domestic and sexual violence https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports-data/behaviours-risk-factors/domestic-violence/overview
- COVID-19 and violence against women What the health sector/system can do https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/emergencies/COVID-19-VAW-full-text.pdf?ua=1
- Our Watch Quick Facts Domestic Violence https://www.ourwatch.org.au/quick-facts/
- Dr Fiona Buchanan areas of expertise and research include mothering, child wellbeing, the effects of domestic violence on women and children, young people, and the effects of sexual abuse. Her PhD is entitled ‘The effects of Domestic Violence on the Relationships between Women and their Babies: Beyond attachment theory.’Â
- Cathy Humphreys is Professor of Social Work at University of Melbourne. For five years she held the Alfred Felton Chair of Child and Family Welfare, a professorship established in collaboration with the Alfred Felton Trust, the Department of Social Work at University of Melbourne and The Centre for Excellence for Child and Family Welfare in Victoria, the peak body for vulnerable children, youth and family organistations in Victoria.
Press release – Courtesy of the University of South Australia
